A cikin zamani na zamani, kusan babu yara ba zai iya yin ba tare da kulawa a cikin polyclinic yara ba. Kuma, tun lokacin haihuwa, yara suna ba da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban. Magunguna sun dade suna tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar bincike ne cewa za'a iya gano cikakken kwayar cutar kwayar yaro. Muna ba ka damar fahimtar kanka da ka'idojin ƙididdiga na asali da yara suka wuce.
Yin gwajin jini a cikin yara
A karo na farko jaririn ya ba da jini ga gwaje-gwaje a shekara uku. Ga jarirai, jarrabawar jini shine mafi mahimmanci, don haka likitoci sun bayar da shawarar kada su manta da shi. Shekaru 3 suna dauke da damuwa ga yara. A halin yanzu akwai hadari na tasowa cutar irin su anemia. Jarabawar jini zai iya gano duk wani barazana kuma gyara shi a lokaci. A watanni 3 da haihuwa an sami yarinyar daga cutar shan inna da ASKD. Ana yin maganin rigakafi ne kawai yara masu lafiya, kuma yana ba ka damar ƙayyade cikakken gwajin jini. Akwai gwaji na musamman na gwajin jini a cikin yara. Wadannan sigogi na gaba suna binciken cikin jini:
- erythrocytes. Rauninsu ya nuna anemia a jariri;
- fararen jini. Abin da suka wuce ya nuna cewa kasancewa a cikin jiki;
- thrombocytes. Rashin su yana magana ne akan mummunan aiki na jini;
- eosinophils (wani irin leukocytes). Rashin wucewa yayi magana game da tsutsotsi cikin jiki da kuma game da allergies;
- hemoglobin. Harshensa ya nuna anemia;
- ESR (saurin suturawa na erythrocytes). Babban gudun yana nuna wani tsari mai cike da kumburi a jiki.
Da ke ƙasa akwai tebur wanda ya nuna ka'idojin jini a cikin yara.
| Alamar | Watanni 3 | 1-6 shekara | Shekaru 6-12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erythrocytes (x10 12 / l) | 3.3-4.1 | 3.6-4.7 | 3.6-5 |
| Hemoglobin (g / l) | 109-134 | 109-139 | 109-144 |
| Platelets (x10 9 / L) | 179-399 | 159-389 | 159-379 |
| ESR (mm / h) | 4-9 | 4-13 | 5-13 |
| Leukocytes (x10 9 / l) | 7-12 | 5-12 | 4.7-8.9 |
| Kayan shafawa (%) | 0.9-5.9 | 0.6-7.9 | 0.4-6.9 |
Sakamakon gwajin jini kawai na yara ya gaya mana cewa komai yana cikin jiki.
Gwajin jini don sukari
An ba da jini don sukari ne kawai a cikin komai a ciki. Tare da taimakon wannan bincike, farkon ci gaba da ciwon sukari ya ƙaddara. Tsarin sukari a cikin jini a cikin yara shine 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Idan yawan sukari a cikin jini a cikin yara ya bambanta da na al'ada, wannan na iya nuna haɗari na ciwon sukari. A cikin kowane polyclinic, an ba da jini ga sukari a fili, domin kafin bada wannan gwaji na tsawon sa'o'i 8 ba za ku iya ci ba.
Biochemical jini gwaji
Nemo nazarin jini na biochemical ya ba ka damar sanin yanayin kusan kowane ɓangaren ciki na yaro. Ayyuka na alamun nazarin kwayoyin halitta a cikin yara:
- cikakkun furotin. Kullum: 59-79 g / l. Bayan shekaru 4, haɓakar ƙarancin jiki ya rage kuma shine: 60-70 g / l. Matsayi mai kyau na gina jiki yana nuna kasancewar tsarin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jikin yaron, da cututtukan hanta. Tsarin gina jiki mai girma yana nuna yanayin jini;
- urea. Kayan al'ada ya bambanta dangane da hanyar bincike. Low urea matakan iya nuna cutar koda;
- bilirubin. Babban abun ciki na bilirubin alama ce ta jaundice. Har ila yau, an gano bilirubin hawan sama a cikin cututtukan hanta;
- alli. Ƙananan ma'auni na nuna rickets da dystrophy.
Analysis of feces a cikin yara
Yin nazari game da feces a cikin yara shi ne hanya mai mahimmanci kafin shiga makarantar digiri. Ana gudanar da wannan bincike don gano tsutsotsi da cututtuka na hanyoyi daban-daban. Ga yadda yadda ma'auni na ƙwararraki a cikin yara ya duba:
- enterococcus. Gida: 106-107;
- bifidobacteria. Gida: ba kasa da 108;
- yisti-kamar fungi. Bada al'ada: babu fiye da 104;
- adadin E. coli. Kullum: 107-108;
- germs na jinsin Proteus. Gida: ba fiye da 104 ba.
Yawan waɗannan alamomi kamar kwayoyin pathogenic na iyalin na hanji, hemolytic staphylococcus, hemolyzing coliform, dole ne ba kome.
Urinalysis a cikin yara
Yin bincike game da fitsari a cikin yara yana iya ƙayyade yanayin ƙwayar kodan da kuma gabobin kwayoyin halitta. A lokacin bincike na fitsari, launi na fitsari, adadin leukocytes da jinin jini, adadin sukari da sunadarai, da nuna gaskiyar da kuma fitsari a pH. Idan duk alamomi na gaggawa a yara ya zama al'ada, yana nufin cewa jaririn yana lafiya.
Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa da yara suke yi: gwajin jini don gudanarwa, ƙarin fitsari da kuma sharuddan feces, bincike na hormone thyroid, da sauransu.
Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen general, a matsayin mai mulkin, ga dukan yara. Ka'idodin tsari na bincike na asibiti a cikin yara sun ba da izinin gano cutar a farkon mataki kuma a lokaci don hana ci gabanta. Yin amfani da ka'idodin bincike na asibiti a yara, yana yiwuwa don ƙayyade yanayin ƙwayar jikin yaro daidai yadda ya kamata.