Tsohon tarihin Girkancin Helenanci yana da haske, saboda gumakan da yawa da alloli suke wakilta a ciki. Daya daga cikin wakilai masu ban mamaki shi ne kyakkyawan allahiya Athena Pallada. Mahaifinta, ba wani abu ba ne na allahntaka mai girma Zeus, Ubangijin sama. A muhimmancinsa, Athena ba ta da daraja, kuma wani lokacin ma fi girma ga mahaifinsa mai iko. Sunan sunansa ba shi da rai a cikin sunan birnin Girka - Athens.
Wanene Athena?
An bayyana siffar Athena a asirce, daga rubutun asalin "Theogony" ya biyo bayan cewa Zeus ya koyi: matarsa mai hikima Metida ya kamata ta haife babban 'yar da ɗa. Mai mulki ba ya so ya ba da yardarsa ga kowa, ya haɗiye matarsa mai ciki. Daga bisani, da jin ciwo mai tsanani, Zeus ya roki Allah na Hephaestus ya buge shi da guduma a kai - don haka allahiya na yaki da hikima ya bayyana a cikin dukan makamai. Kasancewa da hanyoyin da za a gudanar da yakin basasa, Athena ya yi nasara kuma ya zama magungunan fasaha da dama:
- tsarin zamantakewa - Athena, allahntakar hikima a harkokin jama'a, ta kafa babban kotun a Athens;
- kasuwancin jirgi da kewayawa - gine-ginen Ferekle, Arg da Danai, karkashin jagorancin Athena ya halicci jirgi, wanda Allah ya aiko Argo zuwa sama;
- wani mashahurin gwani - siffar Aphrodite ana daukar aikin Athena kanta;
- saƙa da zane-zane - sanya tufafi ga kansu da sauran alloli. Athena ya koya mana yadda za a yayyan mata. Gina - alamar Athena;
- music - ƙaho da ƙa'ida biyu na ƙaho na Athena;
- warkar - warkar da farfadowa tare da taimakon jinin gorgon Gorgon;
- patroness - a wasu al'amurra masu kyau. Athene yana ƙaunar da aka ba shi taimako tare. Hercules, Odysseus, Perseus, Achilles, Jason, Telemachus mashahuriyar tsohuwar tarihin Girkanci, waɗanda aka kira a lokacin da suke da wuya a Athena.
Menene Athena yake kama?
Kalmar Girkanci Athena tana nunawa a al'ada a cikin garkuwar soja, tare da daukaka a hannunta mashin da take haskakawa a rana. Homer, tsohuwar mawallafi na waka "Illyada," ya bayyana Athena a matsayin mai haske, tare da kyan gani, cike da iko a cikin kayan zinariya, ƙaunatacciyar kirki "mai taushi". 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sun nuna allahntaka mai tsananin fuska, fuska mai kyau, a cikin wata tufafi mai tsawo (peplos) ko harsashi.
Alamar Athena
A cikin tarihin, kowane kayan tufafi, bayanan allahntaka ya cika da alamomin alama daban, wanda yana da ma'anar tsarki. Wadannan alamu sune haɗin kai tsakanin mutane da alloli. Sanin waɗannan alamomin, a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar mutum , hotuna suna bayyana, wanda zaka iya gano hali. Alamar Athena tana iya ganewa:
- helkwali Athens - baƙin ƙarfe ne, an yi ado da dawakai 4, ko dodo tare da macijin maciji;
- da mashi - daya daga cikin siffofin alloli yana ƙawata tsohuwar birni a Athens, mashinsa mai haske, ɗan fari na farko ya dawo garin;
- Aegis - wani garkuwa da aka yi da awaki, tare da hoton jellyfish Gorgon;
- Nika alama ce ta allahn nasara a hannun Athena;
- wata tsutsa alama ce ta hikima;
- Maciji kyauta ce ta hankali.
Yara Athens
Tsohuwar haikalin Helenanci Athena an dauke shi budurwa mai tsabta, Eros da kansa bai yarda da abin da mahaifiyarsa Aphrodite ya ba shi ba don ya nuna ƙaunar aminin Athena, domin tana jin tsoro ko ya tashi da baya saboda mummunan kallon allahn. Duk da haka, abubuwan farin ciki na uwaye ba su kasancewa ga Athena ba, kuma ta tayar da 'ya'ya mata ne:
- Hygia - allahntakar lafiyar, an dauke shi ne daga asalin Asclepius (warkarwa) da Athena;
- Erichthony dan Gaia da Hephaestus, kamar yadda labarin Hephaestus ya bi bayan Athena kuma ya bar zuriyar a ƙasa, Gaia ya dauki wannan wulakanci ne da kanta kuma ya ki ya daɗa ɗanta. Athene a asirce ya kawo Erichthony. An haɗu da allahn Athena ne da maciji, masu binciken sun yi imani cewa alama ce ta Erichthony.
Labarin allahn Athena
Tsohon tarihin Girkanci na Helenanci ya kwatanta alloli waɗanda suke kama da mutane: suna ƙauna, ƙiyayya, neman iko, suna nema don fitarwa. Tarihi mai ban sha'awa game da Athena, wanda Cecrops, Sarkin farko na Athen, bai iya yanke shawara wanda zai kasance mai kula da birnin ba. Athena da Poseidon (allah na teku) suka fara jayayya, Cecrops ya gayyaci alloli don warware matsalar ta hanyar da ta biyo baya: don ƙirƙirar abu mafi amfani. Poseidon ya zana tushen ruwa tare da wani ɓoye, Athena ta sata mashi a cikin ƙasa kuma an nuna itacen zaitun. Mata sun zaba Athena, maza ga Poseidon, don haka Athens yana da abokan aiki guda biyu.