Babu shakka, daga cikinmu akwai wadanda suka sani cewa ba'a "haifuwa" ba a cikin jinsuna, amma suna girma a cikin gonaki, suna yin furewa a cikin dogon kore. Kuma don samun beets a kan shelves, a farkon kana bukatar ka kashe mai yawa makamashi don cire shi daga ƙasa.
Kuna san yadda sinadarin sesame, wani tushen asalin calcium ya fara? Ko abarba? Kuma yaya game da tsiran tsibirin, almonds da sauran kayayyakin samfurori, a wasu kalmomi, yummy, wanda ba ya girma a yankinmu?
1. Tsaba na tsaba sauti
Inda aka tsiro: ana kiran saameame, kamar yadda ake kira, a Indiya, Arewacin Afirka, Arabiya, Pakistan, ƙasashen tsakiya da kudu maso gabashin Asia, Caucasus.
Yadda za a yi girma: tsiro a kan ƙasa mai laushi, mai tsanani zuwa + 17 ° C. An dasa shi a farkon Yuni. Girbi shi ne watan Satumba, lokacin da sauti ya juya juya launin rawaya kuma ya fadi.
Kamar yadda ya fara: nau'in ya cika a cikin wasu kwalaye, wanda, lokacin da cikakke cikakke, bude tare da dan kadan danna kadan.
2. Kirki ba
Inda ya tsiro: Cunkuda ta fito ne daga Kudancin Amirka, a yau ana girma a kudancin Ukraine, a Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, a cikin gundumar Transcaucasian, a cikin Yankin Krasnodar.
Yadda za a yi girma: tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire yana tsiro mafi kyau a zazzabi of + Yana ripens ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Seedlings bayyana a watan Mayu, Yuni-Agusta har ma a tsakiyar watan Satumba. Tsarin tarin yana da mahimmanci kamar narke dankali. Lokacin girbi ya fara a watan Satumba-Oktoba.
Yayin da yake farawa: kirki ba ya dafa a cikin furotin da furotin, wanda yake dauke da kwaya, wanda aka cire lokacin da aka sare.
3. Cranberries
Inda yake girma: a Rasha ta tsiro bishiyoyi na kananan nau'o'in nau'ikan (tundra, daji, da arewacin marshes) da na kowa (kudancin Volga, Caucasus, Kuban), arewacin Paris, Amurka ta Arewa. Cranberries masu girma suna girma cikin dutsen Appalachian.
Yadda za a yi girma: ana shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mai yashi mai bushe a cikin nau'i na ɓoye. Seedlings bayyana a marigayi Yuli kuma suna da greenish, haske ja launi. Kowace shekara, daga ɗayan shuka zuwa shuka, rotative cultivators tattara da dama da ɗari berries. Da farko daga cikin tarin ne Satumba, mataki na biyu shine Nuwamba kuma na uku ya fada a farkon bazara.
Yayin da ya tsufa: Ruby beads suna boye a kusa da ƙasa a karkashin greenery.
4. Cashew
Inda ke tsiro: Kwayar Indiya, kamar yadda aka kira shi, ya fito ne daga rana Brazil. Har zuwa yau, an kuma girma a Indonesia, Western, Afirka ta Kudu, India, Iran, Azerbaijan.
Yadda za a yi girma: wannan itace mai ɗorewa yana da tsayi 13 m, kuma a cikin wurare masu zafi yana kai har zuwa m 30. Abin takaici ne a kulawa, amma yana tsoron sanyi. An shuka tsaba a cikin tsire-tsire mai gina jiki. Cashew yana son yin kokari a kan wani shiri na rana da kuma inuwa mai haske.
Kamar yadda ya fara: a bayyanar, 'ya'yan itace cikakke suna kama da apple, wanda ake kira wani apple cashew wani lokaci. Ma'aikata da hannu suna tattara cikakkar 'ya'yan itace (na shekara guda - kimanin 30 000), suna tunawa da takaddama, sun bushe a rana, sa'an nan kuma tsaftace daga harsashi. Hanya, tsakanin harsashinsa da kuma ainihin ya ƙunshi resin phenolic mai guba, wanda, samun a kan fata, zai iya haifar da bayyanar konewa.
5. Pistachios
Inda ya girma: wurin haifar da wannan ƙananan itace shine yankuna masu tuddai a kudu maso yamma da tsakiyar Asiya, yammacin Turkmenistan, Afghanistan da arewacin Iran. Yanzu suna girma a Amurka, Crimea, Caucasus.
Yadda za a yi girma: propagate wannan itace tare da cuttings. Yana tsiro ne a kan dutse, kasa mara kyau. Zai iya tsayayya da yanayin sanyi har zuwa -25 ° C, fari, kuma ba tare da shi ba ne a cikin kulawa. Pistachio ana kiranta almond. Ya girma har zuwa 10 m. 'Ya'yan itatuwa sun bayyana a ƙarshen Yuli-farkon watan Satumba.
Yayinda yake farawa: da zarar kullun ya rufe koshin ya raunana, girbi zai fara. Ya kamata a girgiza bishiya dan kadan don pistachios su fada ƙasa. Ɗayan irin wannan almond na iya bada har zuwa kilo 24 na pean peren.
6. Abarba
A ina yake girma: Paraguay da kuducin Brazil. Yau, yawancin guraben kwari suna girma a kudu maso gabashin Asia. Tailandia ita ce jagoran duniya a cikin fitarwa ta wannan tsirrai.
Yadda za a yi girma: a kan shuka a cikin ƙasa da aka dasa shuki ba tare da fiye da 20 cm ba. Don samun girbi mai kyau, ana bi da seedlings tare da acetylene, wanda ke haifar da furen nauyin abarba. Wannan 'ya'yan itace zai iya tsira da fari. By hanyar, ba ya girma a kan dabino, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani, amma a ƙasa kamar kabeji. A fure fara a shekara da rabi bayan dasa. Tayin zata fara farawa don watanni 3-6.
Yayinda yake ba da labari: daga abar kwarya ta haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda furanni sun fara. A karshen an kafa berries, wanda, a lokacin da aka cika da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, an rufe da kuma samar da wata m da kuma' ya'yan itace mai ci.
7. Cake wake
Inda ya tsiro: wani itacen cakulan, na biyu sunan wake na koko, ya girma a Amurka ta tsakiya, Afrika. Yanzu mafi yawan masana'antar ita ce Cote d'Ivoire. Hanya na biyu shi ne Indonesia. Bayan baya ya tafi Bali, tsakiya da gabashin ɓangaren shi ne cikakke don girma koko wake. Ma'aikata sun haɗa da kasashe masu zuwa: Ghana. Brazil, Najeriya, Ecuador, Malaysia, Colombia, Kamaru.
Yadda za a yi girma: itacen yana kai tsawon mita 15. Yana fara farawa a shekaru 5, kuma 'ya'yan itace ya bayyana bayan shekaru 30-80. Mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa aka lura a cikin itatuwa girma fiye da shekaru 12. An tattara shuki sau biyu a shekara: na farko - a ƙarshen damina, na biyu, na karshe - kafin farkon wannan kakar.
Yayinda yake girma: manyan 'ya'yan itace har zuwa 20 cm tsawo, sunyi kama da kokwamba da lemun tsami. Da farko shi ne kore. Yawancin lokaci, ya zama duhu fata, kuma ya zama cikakke - haske rawaya. Large tsaba suna cikin cikin 'ya'yan itace tare da wuya fata. An kewaye su da wani ɓangaren litattafan almara mai dadi kuma mai juyayi, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'in nama 50.
8. Brussels sprouts
Inda ya tsiro: shi ne a cikin Ruman, an samo daga kabeji leafy. Ana horar da ita a Yammacin Turai, Kanada, Amurka da kuma yankunan tsakiya na Rasha.
Yadda za a shuka: dasa a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, cikakke da kwayoyin halitta, a cikin watan Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Girbi shine ƙarshen Satumba.
Kamar yadda ripens: zagaye cylindrical lokacin farin ciki mai tushe tsari zagaye copepods. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan shuka yayi daga 20-40 ko fiye kochanchikov yin la'akari 8-15 g.
9. Vanilla
A ina yake girma: mafi girma kayan aiki shine Madagascar. Bayan tafi China da Indonesia.
Yadda za a yi girma: vanilla yana nufin lianas na iyali Orchid. Domin ta girma, ta kasance a haɗe da itace mai kulawa, wanda ke haifar da inuwa da kuma tasiri. Vanilla yana son babban zafi da zafi. Wannan tasiri ya kumbura 10-12 shekaru. Don ƙirƙirar vanilla pods a nan gaba, suna hannun su. An cire tsararren vanilla wanda ba a rusa shi ba kuma an ba shi aiki mai tsawo.
Kamar yadda yake cike: a tsakiyar Yuni a kan tsirrai daji yayi girma zuwa 22 cm a tsawon. Bayan an tattara su, an shafe su da ruwan zãfi, an rufe su da blankets kuma sun bar wata rana. Sai suka bushe a rana don kimanin awa 5. Yayin wannan lokaci pods "rasa nauyi" a sau 7. Sa'an nan kuma an ware su ta hanyar girman, suna kunshe cikin damun kuma aka aika zuwa sito. Yanzu za ku fara fahimtar dalilin da yasa waxannan vanilla suna da tsada sosai.
10. Almonds
Inda ya girma: a Crimea, Asiya, Caucasus, Himalayas, Tien Shan, Amurka, Tajikistan, Isra'ila.
Kamar yadda yayi girma: almond yana tsiro ne kawai a kan dutse da dutse. Haske mai haske kuma yana son ƙasa mai arziki a cikin alli. Shuka a ƙarshen kaka ko farkon spring. A shrub a tsawo na 4-6 m blooms a watan Maris-Afrilu, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa bayyana a Yuni Yuli. Fruiting fara da shekaru 4-5 kuma yana da har zuwa 50 shekaru. Abin sha'awa, itace almond yana da shekaru 130.
Yayinda yake ripens: ' ya'yan itace ne bushe, velvety odnokostyanku. A farkon watan Satumba, harsashin cikakke almonds ya kakkarya. Bayan makonni 3, pericarp ya bushe kuma ya ware daga kashi mai cin nama. An girbe girbi kanta da sanduna 4 m tsawo kuma tare da taimakon manyan ɗakunan da ke kewaye da itace, sa'annan ma'aikata sun fara harbe su akan girbi. Almonds da aka tattara sun fara rarraba.