Nuna bayanai sun hada da hanyoyin bincike mai sauƙi da sauƙi don yin nazari.
Na farko da ake nunawa ga ciki yana nufin gano nau'o'in pathologies a cikin tayin. Ana gudanar da shi a makonni 10-14 na ciki kuma ya hada da duban dan tayi (duban dan tayi) da gwajin jini (nazarin kwayoyin halitta). Yawancin likitoci sun bada shawara akan dukkanin masu ciki masu ciki ba tare da banda.
Binciken biochemical na farko na shekaru uku na ciki
Binciken biochemical shine ƙaddarar jini a alamomin alamomin da ke canzawa a cikin pathologies. Ga masu juna biyu, nazarin kwayoyin halitta yana da mahimmanci, tun lokacin da ake nufi da gano ƙananan halayen chromosomal a cikin tayin (irin su Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome), da kuma gano magungunan kwakwalwa da na kashin baya. Yana wakiltar gwajin jini don hCG (gonar dabbar gonadotropin ɗan adam) da kuma RAPP-A (plasma-hade-protein-hade-related-plasma). A lokaci guda, ba wai kawai alamun cikakke suke kallon su ba, amma har ma sun karkata daga matsakaicin adadin da aka kafa don wani lokaci. Idan RAPP-A ya rage, wannan na iya nuna matsala ta tayi, da Down syndrome ko Edwards syndromes. HCG mai girma zai iya nuna cutar chromosomal ko ciki mai ciki. Idan filayen HCG sun fi ƙasa da na al'ada, wannan na iya nuna alamun ƙwayar cuta, da barazana ga rashin zubar da ciki, kasancewa da ciki ko rashin haihuwa. Duk da haka, aiwatarwa kawai nazarin kwayoyin halitta bazai sa ya yiwu ya kafa ganewar asali. Sakamakonsa yana magana ne kawai game da hadarin ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasowa kuma ya ba likita izinin sanya ƙarin karatu.
Duban dan tayi wani muhimmin ɓangare na nunawa 1 don ciki
Don duban jarrabawa, ƙayyade:
- Daidaitawa ga ɓangarorin ciki na yaro;
- matsayi daidai na hannun da kafafu;
- Daidaitaccen nau'i na jiki ga ka'idodin ciki;
- tsari da kuma wurin da ke cikin mahaifa.
Har ma:
- auna jini da kuma aikin zuciya;
- Sanya yanki mai sutsi (ƙuƙwalwar wuyan tsakanin ƙwayar taushi da fata). Sakamakon yana da mahimmanci, tun lokacin da ruwa zai iya tarawa a cikin wannan sashi, kuma ya wuce dabi'un da ke sama da na al'ada (al'ada har zuwa 3 mm) yana nuna rabuwar ci gaba;
- duba kuma auna ma'aunin hanci. A lokacin makonni 11, an gani a cikin kashi 98% na yara kuma ba za'a iya ganin su cikin kashi 70% na yara tare da Down syndrome.
Yayinda ake nunawa ga farkon farkon ciki, da yiwuwar gano Down syndrome da Edwards ciwo yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da 60%, kuma tare da sakamakon duban dan tayi ƙara zuwa 85%.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sakamakon sakamakon farko a lokacin ciki zai iya rinjayar da wadannan dalilai:
- Tsarin yawa (ciki har da ƙananan fihirisa), kuma nazarin kwayoyin halitta ba ya yin wani ma'ana);
- nauyin mace (tare da babban nauyi, ana nuna yawan alamun);
- miyagun halaye;
- cututtuka na uwa (alal misali, sanyi a lokacin gwaji ko cututtuka);
- shan magunguna;
- salai marasa dacewa (ƙididdiga na dogara ne akan lokacin ciki).
Wadannan abubuwa dole ne a yi la'akari da la'akari da sakamakon binciken farko na mata masu juna biyu. Tare da ƙananan bambanci daga al'ada, likitoci sun bada shawarar yin nuni don karo na biyu. Kuma tare da babban haɗarin pathologies, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana maimaita duban dan tayi, ƙarin gwaje-gwaje (bincike na chorionic villus ko nazarin ruwa). Ba abu mai ban mamaki ba ne don tuntube da dan halitta.