Hatta mahimmancin shuka yana buƙatar ilimi na ilimi na fasaha. Kuma irin wannan kayan lambu a matsayin kabeji, dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa mai bude, wanda baya buƙatar yunkuri mai yawa, ya cancanci kulawa. Tsayar da hankali sosai a cikin bin ka'idoji, kulawa da jin dadi - wannan shine mahimmanci don cin ganyayyaki na farin cikin gonar. Bari mu dubi yadda za mu girbi girbi mai kyau.
Shuka kabeji
Akwai wasu dalilai da suke buƙatar yin la'akari. Yadda za a shuka kabeji a cikin ƙasa bude:
- Farin kabeji kamar ƙasa m, wuri mai girma ya kamata a zabi wani wuri a cikin lowland.
- Cabbage yana buƙatar hasken, mai saukowa yana zama rana.
- Tana da ƙwayar kwari mai yawa, don haka ba za ka iya girbe kabeji ba a kan gado ɗaya a cikin shekaru biyu.
Kafin saukowa, yana da kyau don shirya ƙasa sosai. A watan Satumba, ya kamata a auna ƙasa sosai, barin ƙasa zuwa matsakaicin m, don tabbatar da dankalin kabeji more danshi. A lokacin bazara, an bushe ƙasa a hankali tare da taimakon rakes. Sa'an nan kuma kabeji, dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude an shuka ne a baya wanda aka bayyana daki-daki a kasa.
Yadda za a dasa kabeji a bude ƙasa seedlings?
Kwayoyin da ke dace da shuka suna dauke ne kawai idan yana da furanni 5-7, kuma tsayinta shine 12-20 cm na farko da fararen kabeji, 4-6 ganye da 15-20 cm don maturing a cikin matsakaici da kuma marigayi lokaci. An dasa katako a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi zuwa zurfin zuwa leaf na farko, kuma kana buƙatar kula da cewa yanayin ci gaba lokacin da shuki ba ta rufe ƙasa. Samar da tsire-tsire na kabeji wajibi ne a maraice, ko a cikin hadari, don haka hasken rana bazai lalata seedling ba.
Distance tsakanin kabeji seedlings a bude ƙasa
Tunanin yadda za a dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai bude tare da seedlings, abu na farko da za a yi la'akari shi ne girman kayan lambu. Idan kun san yadda girman girbi zai kasance, yana da sauƙi a lissafin makirci - yana da kyau don kiyaye nisa tsakanin bushes a cikin zane-zane biyu. Sakamakon na yau da kullum, kamar yadda kabeji ke zaune, don haka dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa mai haske ya zama mai dacewa, 50i50 cm, 40х40 cm, 50io40 cm, 70х30 cm.
A yawan zafin jiki na seedling kabeji seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude
Sakamakon girma farin kabeji har yanzu ya dogara da lokacin dasa shuki seedlings. Ga kowane ɓangaren, zasu zama daban, kadai abin da yake da muhimmanci a la'akari shi ne yanayin zafi. Shuka kabeji a bude ƙasa seedlings ya kamata a yi idan daytime iska zazzabi kai akalla 12-14 digiri.
Yadda za a shuka kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai bude tare da tsaba?
Idan ba ku so ku shirya shirye-shirye don dalilai masu yawa, za ku iya shuka kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai tushe daga tsaba. A wannan yanayin, tsaba suna zaune a ƙasa. Wata muhimmiyar tsari yadda za a dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi shine karamin zurfin ramuka, 1.5-3 cm Bayan fitowar, dole ne a katse kabeji, barin nisa tsakanin bushes 40 cm. girma kayan lambu a cikin seedling hanya.
Terms of dasa shuki kabeji
Lokacin da za'a iya dasa cabbages a cikin ƙasa da tsaba dole ne da wuri, in ba haka ba zai tashi a cikin zafi na kakar ba, kuma zafi mai tsanani, mai yiwuwa, ba zai yarda da kabeji yayi girma cikin danshi ba. Kimanin kwanaki don dasa shuki kabeji tsaba - na farko na Afrilu, yiwuwar ruwan sanyi don shi ba m.
Shuka farin kabeji a cikin ƙasa
Idan kun kasance mazaunin bazara a cikin rani, kuma kun kunya tambayar yadda za ku yi girma a cikin ƙasa a ƙasa, kada ku yanke ƙauna - kula da ita ba aikin aiki ba ne, ko da wani mahimmanci zai iya sauke irin wannan aiki. Amma akwai wasu sharuɗɗa masu mahimmanci, haɗin kai ga abin da zai ba ku kyakkyawar sakamako na ƙoƙarinku.
Ƙasa don kabeji a cikin ƙasa
Dole ne kasar gona a ƙarƙashin kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ne mai laushi, mai laushi da haɓaka, don haka yana da kyau zaɓar mata a shafin a ƙasar ba tare da duwatsu ba, yashi da sauransu. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci na kula - sassauta ƙasa don dasa shuki kabeji. Ko ta yaya kyakkyawan ƙasa shine, akalla sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki goma yana da muhimmanci don cire shi a kusa da daji, cika shi da oxygen.
Kula da kabeji a fili
Kula da shuka shi ne mafi yawan lokuta da ake yin gyaran ƙasa, ingancin haɓaka da shi, dace da ban ruwa, kuma dole ne a shayar da ita - dole ne a tsabtace weeds a nan da nan. Sauran muhimman al'amura na yadda za a kula da kabeji a cikin ƙasa, muyi la'akari da cikakken bayani.
Yaya za a yi ruwan kabeji a cikin ƙasa?
Ƙasa da ƙasa mai laushi wata doka ne mai kulawa ta wajibi domin ci gaba da girma, da kuma yin amfani da kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi dole ne a gudanar da ita yau da kullum, yana da kyau a yi amfani da na'urori waɗanda suke ba da damar ruwa ya shafe a ko'ina. Ko da tare da kasawa da ruwa da danshi, kabeji na iya zama mai ƙarfi kuma ya daina girma, kuma sau da yawa kara kyau watering ba zai iya inganta halin da ake ciki.
Amma a mataki lokacin da aka dasa seedlings ne kawai a cikin ƙasa, akwai wasu dokoki - domin sababbin kayan lambu masu yawa suna da mummunan rauni kuma zasu kai ga lalacewa da mutuwa. Saboda haka, lokaci na farko da dasa shuki ƙasa ya kasance mai sauƙi, kuma lokaci yayi, lokacin da kabeji ya fara girma, dole ne ya samar da ruwa kowace rana.
Top dressing na kabeji a cikin ƙasa bude
Don samun yawan amfanin gona mai yawa ba tare da abinci mai kyau ba, yana da wuya a gudanar, kuma farin kabeji ba wani abu ne na musamman ba. Yayin da yawancin tsire-tsiren kore, yana da muhimmanci a samar da shuka tare da yawan adadin nitrogen, kuma idan aka kafa kabeji, farin kabeji yana da bukatar phosphorus da potassium.
Ka'idodin dokoki, fiye da ciyar da kabeji a bude ƙasa:
- Da takin mai magani a cikin fossa a lokacin dasa. Hanya na farko na ciyarwa shine cakuda mai hadari, yana bukatar 0.5 kilogiram na humus ko takin , 1 teaspoon na superphosphate da 2 tablespoons ash, ana amfani da wannan cakuda a rijiyoyin. Hanya na biyu shi ne cakuda ornamental, wanda kake buƙatar babban manya na humus ko takin da cakuda uku na ash, haxa da sinadaran tare da kasar gona sa'annan ya sanya su cikin ramuka.
- Na farko ciyar da kabeji. Idan ramuka a saukowa sun cika, zaka iya tsallake shi. Yawancin abinci na farko ya kamata ya ƙunshi yawancin takin mai magani na nitrogen wanda ke inganta karuwar girma.
- Ana yin shinge na biyu bayan makonni biyu (10-15 days) bayan na farko, an yi amfani da gauraya masu amfani da takin gargajiya bisa Mullein ko kuma manoma.
Don kabeji daga bisani, iri na uku da na huɗu yana cin abinci, wanda ya hada da sulfuric acid potassium da ash - ba wai kawai mai gina jiki ba ne, amma yana taimakawa wajen kula da kwari. Don saman gyare-gyare da kuma kariya guda daya, ana yaduwa da toka. Zai fi kyau a yi haka da safe ko kuma a kowane lokaci na rana bayan ruwan sama, don haka ash ya zauna a cikin ganyayyaki.
Yadda za a samar da kabeji a ƙasa mai bude?
Kula da kabeji ma yana nufin taimakawa daji don samar da kai, kuma maɓallin shine zafin jiki mai kyau don bunkasa shi. Don samar da kabeji da kyau, dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance a cikin wani tsarin zafin jiki - 14-16 digiri na zafi a lokacin girma na daji. Idan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa alamar digiri 25, za'a iya rushewar shugaban, wanda zai rinjaye yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Mulching na kabeji a cikin ƙasa bude
Mulching yana da matukar kyau ga kula da tsire-tsire, yana mai da hankali akan aiki akan shafin. Dole ne a shirya kasa a cikin kaka - ganyayyaki na daji na gaba zai kasance tare da bambaro bayan burrowing, ana iya zuba humus daga sama, kasar gona ta karbi taki a lokacin hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara ba zai bari weeds su ci gaba ba.
Da zaran lokacin ya dace don dasa shuki, ana shuka kabeji tare da seedlings, kara namo da kuma noma an yi a cikin laushi, m ƙasa. Samar da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai laushi yana da sauqi qwarai - kawai kuna buƙatar yada bambaro, yin rami kuma cika daji ta duk dokoki tare da ƙasa da bambaro. A cikin ci gaba, ƙwayoyin ba su bambanta da waɗanda aka shuka a hanyar da suka saba ba, sai dai muhimman abubuwan - kasar gona tana cike da tsire-tsire, wanda zai ba da damar yin shuka a wasu sau da yawa sau da yawa, kuma matsala na weeds gaba ɗaya bace - bambaro ba ya ƙyale su su ci gaba.
Mulching ba ya ware da buƙatar shuke-shuken shuke-shuke. Yayin da za ku zabi, kabeji da yake son danshi, dasa shuki da kuma noma a cikin ƙasa bayan bayan an riga an sauya shi sosai, zai samar da yawan amfanin da aka sa ran.
Cututtuka na kabeji a cikin ƙasa
Kamar sauran shuke-shuke da aka dasa, farin kabeji na iya yin wani rashin lafiya, wani lokaci yana bukatar kulawa ta musamman, wani lokacin kuma matakan tsanani. Cututtuka na kabeji suna iya kashe kullun gaba daya, kowane mazaunin rani ya kamata su sani game da shahararrun su.
- Kila. Wannan cututtuka ta hanyar haƙƙi yana iya zama mafi haɗari ga kabeji. A tushen seedlings, growths an kafa, kuma a sakamakon haka, dukan tushen tsarin rotates. Yana da sauki a shawo kan keel - idan kun sami tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda suke raguwa a cikin girma ko matattu, nan da nan cire su daga ƙasa, kuma ku yayyafa da lemun tsami.
- Rawan sanyi na kabeji. Kwayar cutar tana rinjayar matasan matasa sau da yawa, ana iya gane shi da ganyayyaki, wanda ya juya launin toka ko rawaya tare da taɓawa a ƙasa. Ana yin jiyya tare da acid acid (bayani na 500 ml da lita 10 na ruwa).
- Fusarium. Mafi yawan kwayoyi na kabeji seedlings, wanda shine sauƙin gane launin rawaya a tsakanin ganyayyaki na ganye, sannu-sannu dukkanin ganye ya zama rawaya kuma ya bushe. Dangane da magungunan da aka yi wa rauni, ana iya gano kusoshi mai launin ruwan kasa, kuma kai yana da yawa kuma yana daukan nauyin siffar ba bisa ka'ida ba. Rabu da cutar ta yiwu kawai ta cire fayilolin da aka shafa.
Sanya hankali kuma ya cancanci kwari na kabeji a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai iya cinye dukan girbi.
- Aphids. Ƙananan kwari na launin fata-launin fata ne aka gano a kasan ganye kuma suna sha ruwan 'ya'yan itace, suna lalata daji. Yana da sauƙi in gane kwaro a kan ganye da sannu-sannu suka rasa gaskiyar su, curl da wither. Don magance aphids a kan kabeji, ana amfani da waɗannan kwari-misali, Carbofos, Iskra, fumigation tare da taba iya taimaka, watering tare da jiko na albasa husk ko tafarnuwa.
- Kabeji tashi. Harsar wannan ƙwayar yana da wuyar ganewa daga masaniyar ƙira, don haka zai iya zama da wuya a gane shi. A ƙarshen bazara, kwari yana yada qwai a ƙasa, bayan kwanaki 7-8, larvae sun cinye tushen tsarin. Gane da kwaro sauƙi by withering bushes, ƙananan ganye saya duhu launin toka launi. Don yin tasiri mai kyau na gardama, ana amfani da bayani na 30 na Thiophos - ana shirya ruwan shiri tare da ruwa, maida hankali akan abu shine 0.03%, kuma daya daji shine 250 grams.