Ƙananan shi ne mafi muni a duniyar zamani. Yawancin lokaci yana da rinjaye daga mummunar rinjaye daga manya. Saboda haka, akwai bukatar ƙarin kariyar yara da taimako game da ' yancin su . A sakamakon haka, adalcin yara ya fito.
Menene hukuncin adalci na yara ya kasance?
Tsarin ƙarar yara ne tsarin shari'a da shari'a don kare hakkokin 'yan kananan yara. Wannan tsarin tsarin zamantakewa ne wanda ya tsara don hana cin zarafi da yarinyar yara , da kuma kawar da mummunar iyayen iyaye gareshi da inganta haɗin iyali.
Ka'idojin Yara da Yara
Tsarin yara bai dogara ne akan wasu rassan iko ba. Saboda haka, ba za a iya soke yanke shawara ba ta kowane misali. Ƙungiyoyin mata suna jagorantar da waɗannan ka'idojin:
- Garkuwa: ɗan ƙarami yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar wanda ake zargi da laifi ta hanyar rufe wani laifi akan laifin aikata laifi;
- sake farfadowa: adalci ya kamata taimakawa wajen sake mayar da hakkoki da 'yanci na wanda aka azabtar, da kuma laifin mai laifi game da aikinsa. Tsarin rikice-rikicen yana faruwa ta hanyar sulhu da ƙungiyoyi tare da shigar da al'ummomin zamantakewa;
- Gyaran aikin gyaran jiki: gyaran gyaran yana nufin ba kawai ga wanda ya yi laifi ba, har ma ga yaron wanda ya sha wahala mai tsanani daga iyaye.
Juvenile Justice a Ukraine 2013
Babban aikin kowace jiha shine kare hakkokin yara. A cikin Ukraine, an tsara dokar da aka yanke game da adalci akan yara ƙanana - "A tsarin shirin kasa na kasa da kasa kan shirin kare hakkin yara" don tsawon lokaci zuwa 2016. Wannan aikin ya fara ci gaba, bisa ga Dokar Shugaban kasar Ukraine daga 11 Mayu 2005 No. 1086 "A cikin matakan da suka dace don kare 'yancin yara."
Dukan jama'ar ƙasar Ukrainian sun yi tsayayya da gabatar da sammacin yara a yankin Ukraine. A sakamakon haka, a 2008, wakilai sun ki amincewa da wannan lissafin. Duk da haka, wasu ka'idodin fasahar yara sun haɗa da ci gaba da wani aikin - "Manufar bunƙasa laifin aikata laifuka game da kananan yara a Ukraine." Wannan Yarjejeniyar ta amince da Dokar Shugaban kasa na Mayu 24, 2011.
Babban aikin daftarin doka ba wani ma'auni ba ne game da laifin yara, amma gyara da ilimi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ya kauce wa sanya 'yar ƙaramin wuri a wurare na cin zarafin' yanci, daga inda aka riga an sake samo masu laifin.
Duk da haka, kamar yadda kwarewar Yammacin ya nuna, kulawa da tausayi ga wani saurayi a mafi yawan lokuta ya ba shi damar tserewa daga hukunci. Duk da haka, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai tuba ba kuma ya ci gaba da aikata laifuka. Duk da haka, a matsayin yarinya, adalcin yara ya kare shi kuma baya hukunta shi bisa ga doka.
Bisa ga ka'idar da 'yan majalisar wakilai Ukrainian suka ƙaddamar, an gabatar da shi don gabatar da matsayin mai bincike da alƙali don yin aiki tare da yaro. A lokaci guda, ma'aikaci na tsarin shari'a tare da kwarewar shekaru 10 yana iya amfani da wannan matsayi. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci don bayyana ma'anar waɗannan ma'aikata don kauce wa yayinda yaron ya fita daga iyalinsa a kan aikace-aikacensa ba tare da wani dalili ba, misali, ta hanyar sanar da malamin, ko kuma idan iyaye sun ƙi yaron ya ba da kudi. Dole ne a janye yaro daga iyalin kawai idan akwai hakikanin barazana ga rayuwa da lafiyar (bisa ga 164
Tsarin Yammacin tsarin adalci na yara ya tantance tasirinta game da yawan waɗanda aka kama, wato, '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai na kawar da yaro daga iyali shine talauci. Kuma tun da mafi rinjaye na Ukrainians suna da kudin shiga a kasa, idan irin wannan tsari ne aka karbe, zubar da yara na yara saboda talauci zai yiwu.
Wato, maimakon kare yara, tsarin yara ya sa marayu daga yara. Dole ne a gabatar da tsarin yara wanda ba bisa ka'ida bane, amma don inganta tsarin zamantakewa don tsara rayuwar dangi a cikin iyali wanda ya sami kansa a halin da ake ciki.