Gwaji a cikin ilimin kwakwalwa shine kwarewa na musamman wanda ke faruwa a yanayi na musamman da nufin samun sabon ilimin, ta hanyar shiga mai bincike a cikin rayuwar wanda ya amince da gwajin. Wannan bincike ne mai cikakke wanda ya dace da sauyawa a wasu dalilai domin ya biyo bayan sakamakon canje-canje. A mafi mahimmanci hankali, hanya na gwaji a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum zai iya hada da ƙarin tambayoyi da gwaji.
Faculiarities na gwajin a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum
Ya kamata a lura da cewa kallo da gwaji a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum a cikin kansu suna da matakai masu banbanci daga gwaje-gwaje a wasu fannonin kimiyya. A wannan yanayin, akwai yiwuwar cewa sakamakon zai kasance nazarin abin da ba daidai ba, wanda shine makasudin makasudin.
Alal misali, lokacin da wani likitan ilimin likita yake nazarin dukiyar mallakar wani abu, ya san ainihin abin da yake magance shi. Amma mutum psyche ba ya ba da kanta ga yin hankali, kuma aikinsa yana hukunci ne ta hanyar bayyanarsa. Ee. ba shi yiwuwa a yi la'akari da maganin psyche. Alal misali, mai gwaji yana so ya san yadda hasken wani inuwa ke shafar psyche, kuma batun ba shi da wannan ba sai ga halin mutum ga mai gwaji. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ainihin tunanin gwaji a cikin ilimin kwakwalwa yana da matsala da yawa.
Nau'o'in gwaji a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Da kanta, wannan hanyar bincike a cikin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, a matsayin gwajin, an raba shi zuwa cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, gwaje-gwajen halitta da kuma gwaji. Zuwa wannan, yana yiwuwa a sauke cikin binciken jirgin (na farko) da kuma ainihin gwaji. Za su iya zama ko bayyane ko ɓoye. Yi la'akari da su duka.
Wadannan gwaje-gwajen da suke biyo baya a cikin ilimin kwakwalwa sun bambanta ta hanyar hanyar aiwatarwa:
- gwajin gwajin. Wannan shi ne mafi girma, girmamawa, kuma a lokaci guda nau'i irin gwaji. Yana bayar da mafi daidaitattun iko na masu canji - dukansu masu dogara da masu zaman kansu.
- gwaji na halitta (filin). Wannan shine gwaji mafi ban mamaki, tun lokacin an gudanar da shi a cikin rayuwar talakawa. Ee. a gaskiya, kusan babu canje-canje da suka faru, kuma mai gwaji bazai tsoma baki ba, amma a lokaci guda, kallon yana wucewa.
- forming (psycho-pedagogical) gwaji. A wannan yanayin, mutum ko rukuni na mutane sun shiga cikin horo domin samar da wasu ƙwarewa ko halaye. A wannan yanayin, idan an samo sakamakon, babu buƙatar yin la'akari da dalilin da yasa waɗannan canje-canje suka faru - an yi gwajin gwagwarmaya.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai raguwa zuwa cikin gwaje-gwaje da bayyane. Wannan yana rinjayar matakin wayar da kan jama'a game da gwaji a kan batun.
- Kwararrun ƙwararru - an ba da labarin cikakkiyar bayani game da dukan manufofi da ayyuka waɗanda wannan binciken ya tsara kansa.
- Tsakiyar matsakaici - an ba batun ne kawai wasu bayanan da suka dace, wani ɓangare yana ɓoye ko gurbata.
- Wani gwaji da aka ɓoye - ba a san batun ba kawai game da manufar gwaji, amma har ma game da ainihin gaskiyar.
Saboda haka, bincike yana gudanar da hanyoyi da dama. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fi dacewa don nazarin halin manya, wasu kuma sune mafi kyau don la'akari da halaye na yara. A hanyar, yana kan masu sauraren yara cewa ana yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen da aka ɓoye a mafi yawan lokuta, tun da yake yara sukan daina rufewa da canza halin su idan sun sadarwa duk abin da kai tsaye. Sabili da haka, gwajin da aka ɓoye ba wani abu ne na yanki na yaudara ba - yana da ma'auni don samun sakamako mai kyau.