Yawancin mazaunan zafi suna so su sami lakabi a kan mãkirci, namo da kulawa da shi ana gudanar da la'akari da wasu siffofi. Kayan shuka ya dace da kowane yanayi kuma ya yadu a duniya, mafi yawa a cikin yanayin zafi. Al'adu yana darajarta a matsayin mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci na bitamin C.
Leek - bayanin
Kullin lambun yana da kyau mai kyau da tazarar 0.4 zuwa 1 m Daga lambun tuber na karya, yana tsirar da fararen fata daga ƙasa (ƙananan bangare na shuka tare da dandano mai dadi) da kuma yawan adadin rassan bishiyoyi da aka shirya a cikin fan. Su launi ne Emerald ko bluish. A cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, an kafa wani kiwo floret a shuka, tsaba masu girma na tsawon shekaru biyu suna ripening. Rikicin yana da sanyi, yana bunkasa a kudanci ta hanyar shuka tsaba a ƙasa, a arewacin - tare da taimakon seedlings. Al'adu na son inganci da hibernates a lokacin warming tare da sawdust ko peat.
Leek - iri
Kayan fasaha na girma leeks zai iya samar da nau'o'in ripening:
- Early - tattara a watan Agusta - farkon Satumba, ripens 150 days, ganye ba su da fadi, har zuwa 3 cm in diamita.
- Late - girbi ya fara a watan Oktoba, ya yi kwanaki 180, kafafu har zuwa 7 cm a fadin.
Mafi kyau irin albasa leeks, namo da kula da abin da ba zai kawo wani matsaloli na musamman:
- Jolant - farkon, maganin cututtukan fungal;
- Casimir - farkon, karami, tare da ƙara yawan aiki;
- Tango - farkon, sanyi-hardy, samar da gwaggwabar riba;
- Columbus - nau'in jinsin farko, domin zubar da ƙyama ba ya buƙatar hilling;
- Carrantan - marigayi iri-iri tare da dandano mai dadi, matakin da kara ya kai 25 cm;
- Elephant - marigayi, sanyi da damuwa da fari, tare da launi mai launin shuɗi-kore, an rufe shi da takalmin katako;
- Giant giant yana marigayi tare da babban kafa har zuwa 40 cm high da 8 cm a fadin.
Leeks - dasa da kulawa
A wurare da dama za ka iya samun lakaranka, namo da kulawa daga tsaba ko tare da taimakon seedlings dangane da yankin. Kasar gona a kan gadon da aka haifa yana buƙatar tsaka tsaki. Saboda wannan, ana kara lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa mai yalwa, kuma an kara peat zuwa ƙasa mai launi. A cikin kaka an dasa gonar tare da taki - 6-8 kg ta 1 sq M. Madaba na al'ada ya kamata dankali, eggplant, kabewa. Rikicin yana da ƙaunar rana, dasawa da girma ana gudanar da shi a wuri mai bude, tare da yawan haske, daga bishiyoyi. A cikin bazara, an rarraba ƙasa tare da humus - 3 kg ta 1 sq.m.
Shuka leeks na leeks ta hanyar shuka
A cikin matsakaici na latitudes leeks na leeks ana amfani dasu, ma'anar ta fara ne tare da kalmomi masu zuwa:
- tsakiyar Fabrairu - a cikin kwalaye na musamman a kan taga;
- tsakiyar watan Afrilu - a cikin greenhouse;
- ƙarshen Afrilu - karkashin littafin Cellophane a gonar.
Dokokin kula da seedlings:
- Shirin yana buƙatar kwalaye ko cassettes na peat;
- da tsaba kafin germination suna germinated a kan rigar gauze na 2-3 days;
- tsaba an kara zurfi da 1 cm, dasa a cikin layuka tare da tsaka-tsakin 5 cm daga juna, tare da mataki tsakanin tsaba of 2 cm;
- kafin a shuka su, ana yin watering a kowace rana (ba tare da damun ruwa ba);
- akwatin na farko an rufe shi da littafin Cellophane, an sanya shi a wuri tare da yanayin + 22-25 ° C;
- a lokacin da yake da makonni huɗu, koren ya nutse a cikin tukunya, har zuwa karshen watan Afrilu da ake bukata seedlings suna buƙatar kulawa na musamman - haske tare da fitilu. Lokacin da girma seedlings a peat tukwane, a dashi ba a buƙata;
- yawan zazzabi bayan shuka germination shine 20 ° C a rana kuma ba ta fi sama da 14 ° C da dare ba. Idan ɗakin yana da zafi kullum, an buɗe kifin fure don shekara ta farko, ba na gaba ba;
- saukowa a ƙasa an yi a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na watan Mayu - farkon Yuni (kwanaki 60 bayan shuka), tare da kafa yanayin zafi;
- Tushen suna nutse a cikin yumɓu na yumɓu, kuma kowane samfurori yana da zurfi da 10 cm a cikin shirya sosai.
Leeks - girma daga tsaba
A yankunan kudancin, an dasa al'adun a dandalin bude. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi, a lokacin da dasa shuki da albarkatun albarkatun kayan lambu, masu lambu sun ba da shawara, suna shuka bayan Mayu 15. Ana hade da gadajen daga kaka kuma an rufe shi da fim na baki don warkewa. Ya kai rabin sa'a a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate da kuma sprouted 2-3 days a kan wani damp adiko na goge baki, da tsaba ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa bisa ga shirin 15x15 cm a cikin layuka. An shayar da shuka, an rufe littafin Cellophane kafin fitowar. Wasu lokutan ana shuka shuki a cikin hunturu a watan Nuwamba, sannan kuma an yi nazari sosai tare da peat, sawdust, sa'an nan kuma yafa masa dusar ƙanƙara. Tsire-tsire zasu bayyana a cikin bazara.
Kula da launi
Noma da leken da aka saka, kula da seedlings sun hada da wata hanya na al'ada - gyare-tsaren watering, weeding, tsire-tsire daga tsire-tsire, takin gargajiya, kariya daga cututtuka. Ƙarin hanyoyin da aka shuka gonar, ya ba da izinin samun wani sassauka, wanda shine babban nasarar daji:
- Sau uku a lokacin ciyayi, ana bunkasa al'adun. Fara yayyafa daji tare da ƙarin Layer na kasar gona a tsakiyar lokacin rani, irin wannan kulawa yana ainihin bayan watering, to, ana amfani da lakaran tare da bambaro ko tsire-tsire.
- Ana gudanar da gyare-gyaren kowane mako biyu. Bayan gishiri na albasa ya kai girman fensir, an haɗa shi tare da hilling.
- Don kare amfanin gona daga albasa ya tashi, an yayyafa yanki da ƙurar taba ko ash, an dasa guras a kusa.
- Don magance cututtukan fungal (tsatsa, powdery mildew ) phytosporin yana da amfani. Rigakafin mosaic na ganye ne da za'ayi ta amfani da disinfected tsaba, cire weeds. A wani wuri ana shuka shuka ba sau da yawa fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 4 ba.
- Girbi amfanin gona har sai yawan zafin jiki ya sauke zuwa -5 ° C.
- Ajiye mai tushe a cikin akwati na tsaye a cikin yashi tare da har zuwa watanni shida.
Peculiarities na girma leeks - watering
Gwaninta mai kyau shine mabuɗin ci gaba da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, wanda yake damuwa da rashin ruwan inji. Leeks - asirin watering da girma:
- Ba za a iya yin tsirrai ba a farkon kwanaki uku bayan dasa shuki;
- tare da kulawa na kulawa da ruwa an yi a kowane kwana biyar, nauyin yin amfani da ruwa mai tsanani shi ne lita 10 a kowace sq m na mãkirci;
- a cikin fari fari an dakatar da shuka a lokacin da aka noma (ba a rage lita 20 a kowace mita 1) ba.
- Baza'a iya yarda da damshin danshi a cikin gadaje ba - yana lalata tushen;
- mafi tsaftace tasiri na shuka - tare da furrows;
- Yin maganin layuka na layuka yana taimakawa wajen adana laima kuma yana kare ƙasa daga weeds.
Shuka leeks a kan dacha - hawan hawan
A lokacin kakar, al'ada sukan ciyar da sau da dama, amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa tsire-tsire yana haifar da rashin lafiya ga nitrogen - zai iya ruduwa, musamman a lokacin dogon ajiya. Leek leeks - ƙarin miya da kulawa:
- Makonni uku bayan saukarwa, wajibi ne a shayar da ƙasa tare da bayani na 20 g na ammonium nitrate da 15 g na potassium a cikin lita 10 lita na ruwa (yawan fertilizing ya isa ga 4 square mita na yankin).
- Ana ci gaba da ciyarwa kowace mako 2-3.
- Kyakkyawan sakon amsawa da kwayoyin - wani bayani na mullein (1: 8) ko tsuntsaye (1:20).
- Kafin kowane tsaunuka, 1 ƙarar itace ash an kara ƙasa a cikin ma'auni na mita 1 na mãkirci.