Mafi yawancin mutane suna ganin ciwon huhu a cikin huhu shine cutar mafi tsanani daga cikin jiki. Har ila yau, akwai irin wannan illa mai haɗari, wanda ba a haɗa da ilimin ilimin halitta ba - COPD. Yana shafi duka mata da maza, yana cigaba da cigaba, yana da wuyar magancewa, yana haifar da rikice-rikicen da ba zai yiwu ba kuma yakan ƙare a cikin mutuwar mutum ba da daɗewa ba.
COPD - wane irin cuta ne?
Wannan raguwa yana tsaye ne ga cutar mai ciwo na nakasa. Wannan shi ne tsarin ilimin da ya dace, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙayyadadden iska a cikin iska. Irin wannan cututtuka ba a kula da shi gaba daya, maganin ya taimaka kawai don rage alamar bayyanar cututtuka kuma dan kadan ƙara yawan rai, amma wannan ciwo yana cigaba da ci gaba, kuma a kowace shekara ya zama da wuya mutum yayi numfashi.
COPD rarraba
Akwai nau'i daban daban na 3 na pathology a cikin tambaya. Na farko ya ƙayyade abin da kwayoyin cutar ta nakasassu (COPD) - emphysema ko maschitis ya faru. An tsara na biyu a kan lokaci na cutar (remission and exacerbation). Matsayi na uku don warwarewa shine ƙimar COPD:
- haske;
- matsakaita;
- nauyi;
- musamman nauyi.
COPD yana sa
Matsalar da aka bayyana ta haifar da tursasawa da yaduwar kwayar cutar huhu da nau'o'in pathogenic, gases da toxins. Yana da sauƙin rayuwa tare da wannan cuta, idan kun fahimci ainihin COPD - abin da yake, yadda ake bi da shi. Hanyar ƙwayar cuta ta fara a cikin mucous membranes na bronchi. An saki slime a yawancin yawa kuma ya zama mafi asiri. Daga baya, kamuwa da cuta ya shiga, da kuma kumburi ya yada zuwa bronchi, alveoli da bronchioles, cutar huhu ta tasowa COPD.
Babban dalilin (kimanin kashi 90% na lokuta) na irin waɗannan matakai suna shan taba kayan taba, musamman na dogon lokaci. Wasu dalilai da suke haifar da COPD sune:
- haɗakarwa;
- inhalation na taba ( taba shan taba );
- sana'a aiki;
- Rashin iska a cikin yanayi ko a wani mazauni;
- yawan cututtuka na numfashi a cikin yara, musamman ma idan ba a bi da su ba.
COPD - bayyanar cututtuka
Hoton hoton yana dogara ne da mataki na pathology. Girman da ya fi girma, da karfi da alamun COPD. Cutar da aka gabatar ta samo asali na irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka:
- tari;
- babban samfuri;
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi .
COPD - tsananin
An cigaba da ci gaba da cutar ta hanyar spirometry, ta hanyar ƙarar tilasta a cikin 1 na biyu (FEV1), da mahimmanci na ƙwayar huhu (ZHEL) da kuma kasancewar hoto na asibiti da aka bayyana. Matakan da ake ciki na COPD suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka:
- Mai sauƙi - aiki na numfashi yana kara tsanantawa, amma FEV1 da ZHEL alamun suna kusa da al'ada. Ciki da sputum fitarwa ba su kasance ba ko raunana sosai, sun samu nasara.
- Matsakaici - alama ta ɓoye a cikin aikin respiration, wanda aka tabbatar da sakamakon spirometry (FEV1 kasa da 80% na al'ada, rabonsa zuwa GEL yana ƙasa da 70% na halayen dace). Wani lokaci akwai tari tare da saki sputum da dyspnea.
- Mai tsanani - wani mummunan cututtuka a cikin motsa jiki na numfashi, FEV1 kasa da 50% na yawan al'ada. Akwai tiad na musamman cututtuka da suke da wuya a bi da.
- Mai tsanani mai tsanani - wanda aka bayyana rashin lafiyar jiki yana ci gaba. Dukkan alamun alamun an lura da kusan kullum.
Ƙashin da COPD
Harshen farko na hawan jirgin sama, amma marasa lafiya ba sa kula da shi. Bada la'akari shi ne saboda rashin fahimtar COPD - abin da ake nufi, yadda za'a bi da shi kuma ya bayyana. A lokacin shan taba shan taba ana daukar nauyin "sakamako" mai tsammanin, don haka magoya bayan kayan taba ba sa haɗuwa da shi. A farkon matakai, wannan bayyanar tana faruwa a hankali. Yayinda alamun ke ci gaba, tarin ya zama yafi kai har zuwa hare-haren yau da kullum.
Idan mataki na cutar ya zama m, phlegm a cikin COPD an samar da ƙananan yawa. Yana da muni, mummunan yanayi da wahala ga tsammanin, masu shan taba suna da wari mai ban sha'awa. A wasu lokutta masu tsanani na COPD irin wannan alama ta ƙaruwa kuma ana bi da shi cikin talauci. Sputum an cire shi da alheri kuma tare da kowane tarihin coughing. A wasu marasa lafiya, yana dauke da motsawa, wannan yana nuna kamuwa da cuta da kuma ƙwarewar pathology. Komawa waje, an samar da ƙuduri a ƙananan yawa.
Dyspnoea tare da COPD
Wannan yanayin da cutar ba ta koma zuwa farkon alamun tsage ba. Dyspnea yana faruwa ne game da shekaru 10 bayan farkon tari. Na farko, ana kiyaye shi ne kawai tare da sake dawowa na COPD - ƙwaƙwalwa, musamman ma tare da ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai haifar da mummunan cututtuka a cikin motsin rai. A cikin ƙarshen matakai na dyspnea ya bayyana a kullum, da wuya a bi da shi. Yi rarraba nau'i-nau'i na wannan bayyanar dangane da yawan abin da ya faru:
- 0 - kawai a kan bango na farfadowa na jiki;
- 1 - tare da sauri tafiya da hawan sama;
- 2 - koda tare da mataki na dan kadan;
- 3 - wahalar numfashi a lokacin tafiya, dole ka dakatar da kowace 100 m;
- 4 - a matsanancin motsin jiki (rarraba, wanke a cikin ruwan sha).
Binciken asalin COPD
Kwararren likitan-mutum na iya tabbatar da kasancewar cutar da aka bayyana. Yana da mahimmanci don bambanta ganewar asali na COPD da mashayanci. Wadannan cututtuka sunyi kama da hoto, musamman ma a farkon matakan cigaba. Sakamakon ganewa daidai yana taimakawa wajen bincika COPD daidai - abin da yake, yadda ake bi da shi, saboda abin da ke ci gaba. Don tabbatar da cutar, wadannan dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana amfani da kayan aiki:
- nazarin sputum;
- spirometry ;
- ƙaddarar aikin aikin muryar waje;
- gwajin gwajin gas;
- pneumotachography;
- Kayan aikin kwamfuta;
- radiography na huhu ;
- pikfluometriya;
- scintigraphy.
COPD - magani
Wani muhimmin mataki a cikin farfadowar wannan yanayin shine rage jinkirin ci gabanta da hana hanawa. Kafin zalunta COPD tare da magunguna, mai haƙuri na likitancin dole ne ya ki amincewa da kayan taba, don rage girman tasirin abubuwan sana'a akan tsarin numfashi. Wannan tsarin zai taimaka wajen rage mummunan ƙwayar mucous membranes na bronchi da huhu, wannan zai sami tasiri mai tasiri a kan motsin rai.
COPD - magani, kwayoyi
An zaɓi magungunan kundin tsarin ra'ayin mutum daya, bisa ga mataki na cutar, tsananin da alamun bayyanar da kuma yawan fitilu. A baya can, likita ya kamata ya bayyana wa mai haƙuri muhimman abubuwan da ke yaki da COPD - abin da ake nufi, yadda ake bi da shi, abin da ya kamata ya daina. Cire gaba daya kawar da haɓaka ba zai yiwu ba, amma rage rage alamominsa kuma inganta halayyar rayuwa gaskiya ne. Magunguna masu amfani a COPD:
- Mucolytics. Wadannan magungunan maganin magunguna suna taimakawa wajen yaduwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma sauƙaƙe da cire shi daga bronchi, wanda ya hana haɗewa na kamuwa da kwayar cuta. Ana bi da COPD ta hanyar kai tsaye da kai tsaye. Magunguna na farko da aka ambata (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin) yayi hulɗa tare da sputum wanda aka riga ya saki, tsarke ƙwaƙwalwar da kuma hanzarta fitar da shi. Halin na biyu na mucolytics (Bromhexin, Ambroxol) ya rage karfin kullun kwayoyin halitta. Har ila yau akwai wasu kwayoyi masu haɗuwa da suka hada da dukiya.
- Bronchodilators (bronchodilators). Irin wa] annan magungunan sun shafe tsofaffin mota na iska, wanda zai taimaka wa spasm kuma yana dakatar da matakan hanzari. Wadannan maganin sun hada da Formoterol, Atrovent, Salmeterol, Spiriva da sauransu.
- Antibiotics. A lokacin yunkurin COPD, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙira tana tarawa a cikin huhu da bronchi, wanda zai taimaka wajen ci gaba da kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta. Don hana wannan rikitarwa, rubuta takamaiman maganin rigakafi - cephalosporins (ƙarni na biyu), penicillin, shirye-shiryen cakuda cakuda.
- Glucocorticosteroids. Sauyewa mai sauƙi yana farawa tare da tsari mai tsanani. Anyi amfani da hormones, musamman Prednisolone da analogs ana amfani dasu.
- Masu zanga-zangar masu watsa labaru da masu karɓa na proinflammatory. Yawancin glucocorticosteroids suna da mummunar tasiri, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin da ba a so. Don maye gurbin su, ana amfani da waɗannan kwayoyi - Erespal, Fenspiride.
Inhalation a cikin COPD
Tare da sake dawowa, bazawar gaggawa na kwayoyi masu kariya da cututtuka zuwa ɓangaren na numfashi yana buƙatar gaggawa don taimakawa cikin gaggawa. A saboda wannan dalili, COPD ya fara aiki ne da farko a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Glucocorticosteroids da magunguna masu mahimmanci suna iya samuwa a cikin nau'i mai laushi. Wadannan magungunan maganin magunguna ne kawai zasu iya ba da umurni ne kawai daga masanin burbushin halittu. Sauran nau'o'in ɓarna, ciki har da magudi na gida, ba a ba da shawarar ba tare da tattaunawa tare da likita ba.
Ayyukan motsa jiki tare da COPD
Yin gwaji na musamman wajibi ne don:
- ingantaccen samun iska;
- kawar da bayyanar cututtuka na numfashi na numfashi;
- rigakafin haɗuwa da ƙaddarar ƙwararru;
- ƙarfafa tsokoki na numfashi;
- kawar da yaduwar cutar a cikin huhu.
Gymnastics a COPD:
- Matsayin da ya fara - zaune a kan kujera, danna kashinsa a kan baya. Yi ɗan gajeren numfashi a cikin hanci, exhale sharply ta bakin lebe.
- Halin halin da ake ciki. Hada wasu hannayensu don ƙyamar da ƙananan su yayin yayata.
- Sannu a hankali da sannu a hankali. Rike iska don 1-3 seconds. A hankali exhale.
- Don zama a kan gefen kujera, don rage hannayenku a tarnaƙi na gangar jikin, dan kadan slouching. Yi hankali a hankali da kuma daidaita ƙafarka, exhale, dawowa zuwa wurin farawa.
Akwai wasu zabin don motsa jiki a COPD:
- by Strelnikova;
- by Buteyko;
- Tolkachev;
- a kan Neumyvakin.
COPD - magani tare da magunguna
Maganin gargajiya ba shakka ne game da wannan hanyar farfadowa ba. Yin la'akari da duk bayanan da aka samo akan COPD - menene shi, yadda aka bi da kuma rikitarwa, ci gaba, tasirin hanyoyin mutane ba kusan zamo ba. Wasu masanan sun yarda da marasa lafiya suyi amfani da girke-girke, amma bayan bayanan lokaci. Ba koyaushe yin amfani da hanyoyin da ba na al'ada bane, idan cutar cututtuka ta rugujewa, cututtuka tare da magunguna na iya kara haɓaka da ganuwar iska da kumburi.
Decoction don taimako na bayyanar cututtuka
Sinadaran :
- Icelandic gansakuka - 20-25 g;
- ruwa - 1 lita.
Shiri, aikace-aikace
- Zuba kayan gari da ruwan zãfi.
- Ku kawo tafasa a kan zafi kadan, kashe hotplate.
- Nace yana nufin minti 30.
- Jawo bayani.
- Sha kashi na uku na karɓar magani kafin kowace cin abinci, sau 3 a rana.
Jiko don yin rigakafin sake dawowa
Sinadaran :
- chamomile furanni - 100 g;
- flaxseed - 50 g;
- lemun tsami flower - 100 g;
- eucalyptus - 100 g;
- ruwa 250 ml.
Shiri, aikace-aikace
- Mix da ganye.
- Zuba kashi biyu na cokali tare da ruwan zãfi.
- Bayan minti 40 sai kuyi magani.
- Sha 100 ml na miyagun ƙwayoyi 2 sau a rana kawai a lokacin gyarawa.
Rarraban COPD
Labaran da aka bincikar ba shi da magani, farfadowa yana taimakawa wajen dakatarwa da kuma kawar da alamunta. Musamman da sauri akwai wasu sakamako masu ban sha'awa idan mutum bai san komai ba game da COPD - abin da ake nufi, yadda za'a bi da shi sosai. Ba tare da maganin cututtukan daji ba yana ci gaba da sauri kuma yana haifar da canje-canje marar matsala a cikin numfashi na numfashi. Hanyar hana cututtuka na huhu - rikitarwa:
- na biyu polycythemia ;
- ciwon huhu;
- damuwa mai zurfi, m da nakasa na rashin lafiya;
- pneumomediastinum;
- zuciya mai kwakwalwa ;
- kwatsam pneumothorax da sauransu.
COPD - rancin rai
Kwayoyin da aka bayyana suna ci gaba sosai, sabili da haka tsinkayyar lokaci mai tsawo ba shi da kyau. A lokacin da aka bincikar COPD 3 digiri ko mafi girma, mai haƙuri yana da rai fiye da shekaru 5, musamman ma idan akwai matsaloli tare da motsa jiki, mutum wanda ya kai shekaru 40 ko kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da sake dawowa ba a shafe su ba. A farkon farkon cutar, yanayin da ake gani ya fi kyau. Tare da magani mai kyau, yawancin masu lafiya marasa lafiya sunyi farin cikin hadu da tsufa, amma ingancin rayuwarsu yana ci gaba.
Rigakafin COPD
Babban abin da ya kamata a bar shi, don kada ya ci gaba da cutar kututtuka, wannan yana shan taba. Ba za ka iya numfashi ko naka ko kuma wani taba hayaki ba. Tsarin hanyoyi masu mahimmanci sun hada da sanar da jama'a game da COPD - abin da yake, yadda yadda aka magance shi kuma an hana shi, abin da ke fama da cutar. Sauran hanyoyin da za a hana:
- jigilar magungunan airway pathologies, cututtuka;
- da kauce wa al'amurran sana'a da suke sa COPD;
- ƙungiyar samun iska mai kyau a wuraren zama, tsabtace iska;
- ƙarfafa rigakafi da kuma yanayin yanayin jiki.