'Yan Botanists da masu shayarwa sun dade suna da sha'awar haɗuwa da albarkatun alkama da kyawawan kayan alkama tare da damun hunturu da kuma rashin amfani da hatsin rai. A sakamakon haka, a ƙarshen karni na 19, an halicci matasan alkama da hatsin rai, yayin da ake amfani da amfanin gonaki, wato, don ciyar da dabbobin gida.
Menene sunan cakuda hatsin rai da alkama?
A farkon farko da aka halicci samfurin alkama da hatsin rai a cikin tarihin an kira shi kalma mai mahimmanci triticale. Ya tashi a lokacin da haɗin kalmomin Latin biyu: triticum, wanda ke nufin alkama, da kuma ma'ana, ma'anar hatsin rai.
Mai halitta na triticale shi ne masanin Jamus Wilhelm Rimpau, wanda ya fitar da shi a 1888. A halin yanzu, matasan ba a yadu ba a yanzu. A karo na farko ya fara girma a kan samar da sikelin a 1970 a cikin ƙasashen Arewacin Amirka. Shekaru shida bayan haka, alkama da hatsin rai sun kasance a cikin Ukraine, a birnin Kharkov. A yau triticale an horar da shi daga kasashe masu yawa (akalla uku dozin), daga cikinsu akwai shugabannin Faransa, Australia, Poland da Belarus.
Fasali na triticale
Matasan alkama tare da hatsin rai - triticale - tunawa duk kyawawan halaye na nau'in biyu kuma har ma ya haɓaka su. Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da triticale sun hada da:
- ƙara yawan sanyi juriya;
- rage bukatun ƙasa mai kyau;
- jure wa fungi da cututtuka;
- ƙwayar gina jiki (1-1.5% mafi girma daga alkama);
- abun ciki na micro- da macronutrients a hatsi a matakin alkama.
Tunda triticale yana girma don dalilai na abinci. Ƙarin haɓakar furotin yana warware matsalar rashin rashin wannan nauyin a cikin wasu kayan gona. Har ila yau, an ƙara matasan a gari lokacin da yin burodin burodin alkama (game da 20-50%), kuma wannan yana da sakamako mai kyau. Ƙimar cin abinci mai gina jiki yana ƙaruwa, wanda a lokaci guda ya fi ƙarfin sannu a hankali.