Akwai fasahar kimiyya daban-daban. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da mahimmanci da sauƙi. Akwai kuma wadanda suka iya canza duniya da canza rayuwar mutum. Kawai fahimtar su ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Kuma idan wani zai iya fahimtar ainihin waɗannan tunanin, shin zai iya ci gaba da zama da salama, da sanin cewa dukan duniya ba zato ba ne kawai?
1. Farin Tsarin
Kishiyar baki mai rami. Rashin rami yana dauke da iyakacin duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta da makamashi. A ciki babu abinda zai iya samu. Saboda haka an yi imani, a aikace, ba a tabbatar da wanzuwar farar fata ba.
2. fassarar Copenhagen
Harshen ma'anonin masana'antu, waɗanda aka tsara tsakanin 1925 da 1927 da masanan kimiyya Niels Bohr da Werner Heisenberger suka taimaka, sun fahimci dalilin da yasa kwayoyin halitta guda daya da kuma nau'ikan ma'auni na iya nuna hali daban. Bisa ga fassarar Copenhagen, sararin samaniya ya rabu cikin kowane sakamako mai yiwuwa na kowane aikin da mutum yayi.
3. Matsayin Matrix
Mutane da yawa masana masana kimiyya da masana kimiyya sun tabbata cewa ba za'a iya daukar nauyin fina-finai na Matrix a matsayin fina-finai na fannin kimiyya ba. Amma akwai magoya bayan ka'idar cewa dukkan abin da muka gani a matsayin gaskiya shine hakikanin fahimta wanda wata fasaha ta wucin gadi ta haifar dashi.
4. Tafiya cikin lokaci
Manufar tafiya ta hanyar lokaci yana haifar da ƙarni. Yau, wasu masanan sun yarda cewa ba haka ba ne. Ko da NASA ya yarda cewa tafiya ta hanyar lokaci-lokaci, musamman, za a iya cika ta hanyar da ake kira wormholes a wurare daban-daban.
5. Cold Sun
Wani masanin astronomer Birtaniya na asalin Jamus, William Herschel, ya yi bincike mai yawa. Ya kuma ba da shawara cewa, fuskar Sun tana da sanyi kuma mazaunan da suke zaune, wanda kwayoyin su sun dace da yawan haske.
6. Haɗin phlogiston
Mahalarta ita ce masanin albashin Jamus Johann Becher. Bisa ga ka'idar, kowane abu mai konewa ya ƙunshi phlogistons da ake kira '' phlogistons '- wani fili wanda aka fitar a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin yanayin zafi.
7. Ka'idar Vasilyev
Sanya a cikin marigayi 80 na. Ka'idar tana da rikice da rikicewa cewa masana kimiyya da dama sunyi kokarin kauce wa hakan. An samo asali ne tare da yawancin ƙididdigar rikice-rikice, shine duniya a hakika duniya ta ƙunshi lantarki, magnetic da wasu wurare waɗanda ke wakiltar dukkanin rundunonin da aka sani na yanayi da nau'in kwayoyin halitta.
8. Ka'idar Panspermia
An ambaci sunan farko a cikin rubuce-rubucen Girkanci na karni na 5 BC. Tun daga wannan lokacin, yawancin masana kimiyya sunyi aiki a kan cigabanta. Ka'idar shine cewa rayuwa ta wanzu a duniya, kuma tana yaduwa tare da taimakon meteorites, asteroids, comets. A gaskiya ma, akwai "ƙaddarar" rashin rayuwa.
9. Phrenology
An kira shi "kawai kimiyya na gaskiya." Phrenology ya danganta ne akan manufar cewa akwai dangantaka tsakanin hankali, psyche da kuma tsarin kwakwalwa da kwanyar mutum.
10. Lambun-kayan lambu
Wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da suka fi hankali a tsakiyar zamanai. A cewarta, lambun-kayan lambu shine rabin tsire-tsire, rabi-dabba - tare da gashi da gashin tsuntsu. Mafi mahimmanci, tushen ka'idar shine ainihin auduga - rabi-furotin, rabi-tsire.
11. Ma'aurata na Cosmic
Manufar ita ce cewa akwai iyakanceccen yawan haɗin gwiwar. Kuma idan duniya tana da isasshen isa - kuma ta, yi imani da ni, yana da kyau, - akwai yiwuwar cewa wani wuri akwai ainihin kwafin kowane ɗayan mu.
12. Magungunan magunguna
Dalilin ka'idar shi ne, duk abin da ke cikin duniya ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i nau'i daya. A karo na farko an tsara shi a cikin 60 na.
13. Hanyar Mandela
Ya dogara akan kasancewar sararin samaniya. Halin Mandela shine ka'idar pseudoscientific wadda ta bayyana bambanci tsakanin tunanin da gaskiyar ta hanyar canje-canjen da suka gabata a kan lokaci. Me yasa Mandela? Domin an dauke shi mutu a cikin shekarun 1980s, ko da yake a hakika mutum ya mutu a gida a 2013.
14. Duban mata masu juna biyu
Gynecology na gargajiya sunyi imani da cewa iyaye da ke nan gaba tare da taimakon tunani zasu iya ba da yara da ba a haifa ba tare da wasu halaye. A wani lokaci ma ana amfani da wannan ka'idodi akan lamarin da cututtuka na yara, cututtuka da depressions a lokacin samari.
15. Rushewar Yanayin Duniya
Tsarin Big Bang ya nuna cewa sararin samaniya ya fadada cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wutar lantarki. Amma binciken kan supernovae da wurin su a sararin samaniya ya nuna cewa a gaskiya ma, fadada sararin samaniya bazai zama irin wannan tsari ba.
16. Harkokin jari-hujja
A yau, kusan dukkanin masana kimiyya sun karbi ka'idar farfadowa. A lokacin da Nicolas Copernicus ya fara bayyana a 1543 cewa Duniya da wasu taurari sun tashi a kusa da Sun, abin mamaki ne.
17. Dark abu
Dark abu abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya kasancewa cikin sararin samaniya. Ba a taɓa ganinta ba, kuma ba a taba nazarinsa ba. Wato, bazai wanzu ba. Amma akwai masana kimiyya wadanda suka yi imanin cewa kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na sararin samaniya sun kunshi kwayoyin halitta.
18. Juyawa na jinsuna
Mawallafin ka'idar shine Jean Baptiste Lamar wanda ya bayyana fassarar jinsunan a littafinsa The Philosophy of Zoology. Sakamakon haka, masanin kimiyya ya nuna cewa sababbin jinsunan suna samuwa ne saboda sauyawar wadanda suke ciki.
19. Ka'idar Gaia
Ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa dukkan rayayyun halittu sun ci gaba tare da yanayi maras kyau, a matsayin tsarin rayuwa daya wanda ke shafar duniya. Wasu masanan kimiyya sunyi imani cewa wannan tsarin yana da alhakin zafin jiki na duniya, abun ciki na yanayi, salinity na teku da wasu dalilai.
20. Maganin malamai
Sashe na ka'idar rudani. Maganin malamai yana dogara ne akan manufar cewa ƙananan ƙananan dalilai na iya jawo mummunar sakamako. Wato, "ko da wani ƙananan fuka-fuki a wani lokaci yana iya zama magungunan da zai iya lalata rabin duniya."
21. tsibirin California
Ɗaya daga cikin kurakuran da suka fi shahara a tarihin tarihi - da zarar sun yarda California ta kasance tsibirin. A kan taswirar karni na XVI, ana samun wannan rashin kuskure. Sai kawai a cikin 1747 Mutanen Espanya Mutanen Ferdinand VI sun ba da umurni da gane cewa a gaskiya, California ba tsibirin ba ce.
22. Ƙungiyar Dark
Maganin ilimin tunanin mutum, wanda ya kasance akan halaye guda uku na mutum: narcissism, Machiavellianism da psychopathy. Mutane, a cikin irin yanayin da dukkanin halaye na tayay suke kasancewa, yawancin lokaci sukan zama masu laifi.
23. Ƙungiyar Holographic
A karo na farko an bayyana shi a cikin shekaru 90 kuma nan da nan ya yanke hukunci, la'akari da irin rashin hauka. Amma bincike na baya-bayan nan game da rikice-rikice a cikin kwaskwarima na samfurin lantarki ya nuna cewa ba haka ba ne wanda ba gaskiya ba - wanzuwar sararin samaniya.
24. Tsarin Zoo
Magoya bayansa sun yi imanin cewa, wakilai na kasashen waje suna kallon su kullum. Bisa ga wannan ra'ayi, baƙi ba zasu fita tare da mu ba domin suna son muyi ta hanyar ba tare da yaduwa ba.
25. Kasashen Arewacin Ba a sani ba
Terra Australis wata kasa ce mai mahimmanci, da zarar an same ta a Kudancin Kudu. Babu wata hujja akan kasancewarsa, amma wasu masana kimiyya na Renaissance sun yi la'akari da cewa sararin samaniya na Arewacin Hemisphere dole ne ya daidaita wani abu a kudancin kudancin.